Teatro Campensino :: Mexico Spanish Essays

Teatro CampensinoTeatro Campensino can be described as an artistic outreach program with political ramifications, the actors are farm workers that find it necessary to spread their message passim villages composed primarily of poor, Mexican farm workers. The group performs skits that attack white-washed Mexicans, the Vietnam War, and racism. In Los Vendidos, director and writer Luis Valdez tackles issues that have plagued Mexican- American history. In fact, by analyzing his play star can deduce several social stigmas and draw parallels to the actual history through the character skits in the play. Furthermore, in order to analyze this play unity must delve into the setting, name, characters, and the social ramifications of their authoritys in order to fully incorporate the scope that this play affects. The name of the play itself has social and political ramifications, that is it reflects the Mexican situation throughout history. Furthermore, the literal meaning of the title is q uite ambivilous, venderse means to sellout, to betray, or to give a appearance. This can be applied to how Mexicans are treated by Americans and new(prenominal) Mexicans. For instance, Mexicans have been discriminated against for generations, ever since the Spanish conquest. They have been repatriated into Mexico during the 1930s, and they have never received the same political or social programs that Anglo- Americans have, such as schools. However, it has also beseem evident that Mexicans have discriminated against each other throughout the years for various reasons. One of the most prevalent was the schism in the Mexican community amid the American- born of Mexican Parents, those born and raised in Mexico, and the largest group were those born in the United States whose parental lineage ran back to the original settlers and the early immigrants of the Southwest. (Morin qtd. in Vargas 305). The Old Mexicans, those that were living in the present day United States were somewhat a ssimilated and accepted by Anglo- Americans because they were a good source of labor. However, the migratory patterns of Mexican immigrants, wakeless and illegal, allowed the farm owners greater accessibility to a cheap labor force. In fact, the migrations sent the wage of a farmhand to the basement and the Old Mexicans resented this phenomenon.Another way in which this play explores the social and political history of the Mexican-American is through the analysis of the set. For instance, in the window Honest Sanchos Used Mexicans indicates that the stereotypical Mexicans sold in the lay in are accurate representations of all Mexicans.

Tech Prep Essay -- Technology Education Essays

tech Prep Although the development and implementation of good school formulation education computer programmes experience been in process since the initiation of the Carl D. Perkins Act Amendments of 1990, misconceptions about tech prep education still exist. As defined in provisions authorizing Perkins funds for tech prep, a tech prep education program is a combined secondary and postsecondary program that-leads to an associate degree or two-year certificate provides technical preparation in at least one field of engineering technology applied science, mechanical, industrial, or practical art or trade or agriculture, health or business builds student competence in mathematics, science, and communications (including applied schoolmans) through a sequential course of study and leads to placement in employment.Tech prep programs are designed to accomplish this agenda through strategies described as integration, articulation, and work-based learning. Although these strategies are reflective of the various tech prep program components, they are diversely interpreted according to the background, education, and experience of those involved in the tech prep initiative. This publication examines some of the myths that have evolved about tech prep and presents the realities of tech prep implementation.Myth Tech Prep Is an Integration ofAcademic and Vocational EducationAlthough tech prep is based on the premise that academic and vocational skills cannot be learned in isolation from each other, integration of the two disciplines extends beyond the merging of existing academic and vocational education curriculum. It requires the launching of new courses, sequenced in an entire program of core curriculum that leads students to d... ...4 (April 1992) 30-31, 53.Boesel, David et al. National Assessment of Vocational Education. Final Report to Congress, Vol III. Program Improvement Educational Reform. Washington, DC Office of Research, U.S. Department of Education, July 1994. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 371 193)Hull, Dan. Opening Minds, Opening Doors The Rebirth of American Education. Waco, TX Center for Occupational Research and Development, 1993.Norton, Robert. DACUM and Tech Prep Dynamic Duo. Paper presented at the Mid-America Competency-Based Education Conference, Bloomington, MN, June 1993. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 359 339)Stern, David et al. Research on School to Work passage Programs in the United States. Berkeley, CA National Center for Research in Vocational Education, March 1994. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 369 923)

Essay --

To Dr. Rick Wilson, Director of International Market AssessmentFrom Cierra SmithDate show 11, 2014Subject HW 2 The Fostering of a More Favorable FDI EnvironmentOverviewWhether it be for the purpose of liberalization, promotion for a favorable environment, or some otherwise associated motive, reports have recognized annual global increases in countries partaking in activities related to foreign direct investment. Indeed, there have been particular increases in investment policies, regulations and restrictions, in developed, developing, and transition economies respectively. In this manner, countries are able to maximize the positives and minimize the negatives for a more fostered regulatory environment. Although regulatory environments can be typically rewarding, there lies try for the less favorable concept of investment protectionism. Investment TrendsOverall, analysts have noticed a dramatic increase in the adoption of various investment trends, predominantly policies involvin g the liberalization and privatization for the sake of services, investment promotion and facilitation, and domestic and foreign investments. With regards to liberalization and privatization, China brocaded foreign investment ownership by 16 percent. Similarly, India raised foreign investment ownership by a staggering 25%, and in addition, liberalized several industries comprising of FDI. Correspondingly, European and Asian regions have reportedly sought tabu the trend of industrial promotion and facilitation measures for the purpose of magnetizing foreign investors and promoting investment. For example, China simplified procedures regarding capital flows and currency exchange quotas for foreign firms, and Pakistan sanctioned acts promoting the z... ...of these investment restrictions. In an flak to avoid such casualty, there lies a proposition for a more defined implication of investment protectionism and its measures involved. One might suggest a realizable addition onto the current investment publications and reports, or rather technical assistance promoting a sizable amount of regulation with regards to FDI policies (in addition to general investment restrictions). Additionally, UNCTADs Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Development (IPFSD), consisting of investment policymaking principles, national investment guidelines, as well as design options, has the capability to function as a reference. Taking such action, as well as using such resources can foster a more hospitable investment environment, whilst serene taking into account the governments Utilitarianism intents. Cierra Hofstra Student

Electrical Vehicles and Benefits to the Environment Essay example -- E

electrical Vehicles and Benefits to the Environment There is a serious problem facing the world right now. It is railway line pollution. The number one contributor to this epidemic is automobile emissions. We have all heard of the issues that are involved with air pollution including the depletion of the o-zone layer, the green house effect, and tart rain. The problem has been scoped from every imaginable angle, and now it is time to solve the problem. I propose that each of the Big Three (Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler) car manufacturers be necessary to have 10% of their product line as EVs By the year 2010. I propose this because it will be the start of pristine air, EV advancement, and awareness of EVs and how they work. The first step in getting this proposal to become law is to talk with congress people from our cause states. We must first let the idea get bounced around before we start to attack to top of the totem pole. In the proposal will be the reasons as to why w e are making such a bold statement. The first reason is to achieve cleaner air. Ever since the invention of vehicles, they have been polluters. It started with the cater pass away carriages which led to the horses leaving their anal discharge on the roads. Next came the steam engine which burned fuel to heat the boilers and started an era of air pollution. Soon subsequently came the internal combustion engine which worked harder and polluted even more. Not until the early 1900s was there a trend away from the internal combustion engine. The electric car vehicle was first introduced in England in 1911, for the purpose of urban delivery of milk to households all over the country. The new electric vehicle replaced the outdated horse and cart, h... ...kground to our EV Project Alternate Power Products Asia Ltd. Plugging In The Future ASU RESEARCH, FALL/WINTER 1995 Charging toward the Future Copyright 1998 General Motors Corporation Faster Charger Shortens Electric Vehicle Rechargi ng Time From Hours To Minutes Copyright 1998 General Motors Corporation A Brief History Johnson Controls Systems

Ishmael, the Sacrifice of Abraham :: Islam History Religion Religious Papers

Ishmael, the Sacrifice of AbrahamIntroductionThe tragedy of strained relations between Islamic and Judeo-Christian countries is a part of every twenty-four hour period life. One need only pick up a newspaper or check the news story of the day via television, radio, or internet to learn of the latest violent attack by a suicide bomber or military retaliation on such(prenominal) an attack. The terrorist attacks have been perpetrated by countries that are predominantly Islamic with the counter attacks coming from a wellspring-armed Israel, supported by US arms sales as well as US silence. Arecent CNN talk show byline queried, Are we at war with Islam? One does sometimes wonder. Israel has long held a policy of counter attack to plow with terrorists harbored by governments of neighboring countries. Following 9/11, the United States government adopted this policy. As part of this new policy the US military went after terrorists in Afghanistan and destroyed the countrys infrastructu re as well as innocent civilians in the process. In early 2003, Iraq was attacked for the same reasons, with the same resulting damage. Terrorism order against Iraqis and Coalition forces as well as military retaliation by Coalition forces continues to make the headlines in occupied Iraq. The cycle of violence continues.To say the apparent motion of political friction in the Middle East is due to religious differences is too simplistic as well as unduly inflammatory. Other things go into into play, such as protection of US interests involving energy production, and even control of the water supply by Israel and its neighboring countries. However, to say the violence has nothing to do with religious differences denies the past 4,000 years of history.Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, terce of the worlds great religions, have their roots as well their holiest places in the Middle East. All three religions revere Abraham as a common ancestor. Yet all three have had bloody interchan ges throughout history. How and why did Abrahams children become such a dysfunctional family? Where is theology in this family feud? Finding answers to these theological questions that could help provide a peaceful future are important for all. Conflicts surrounding this family of God involve more people and places than were involved even 50 years ago. For example, currently there are more Muslims living in the United States than Methodists (Geisler and Saleeb, 2001).1The allegory of IshmaelOne must wonder what event or events provided such fertile ground for violence and bad feelings to thrive?

Ishmael, the Sacrifice of Abraham :: Islam History Religion Religious Papers

Ishmael, the Sacrifice of AbrahamIntroductionThe tragedy of strained relations between Islamic and Judeo-Christian countries is a commence of everyday life. angiotensin converting enzyme need only pick up a newspaper or check the news story of the day via television, radio, or mesh to learn of the latest violent attack by a suicide bomber or military retaliation on such an attack. The terrorist attacks have been perpetrated by countries that are predominantly Islamic with the counter attacks coming from a well-armed Israel, supported by US arms sales as well as US silence. Arecent CNN talk show byline queried, Are we at war with Islam? One does sometimes wonder. Israel has long held a policy of counter attack to deal with terrorists harbored by governments of inhabit countries. Following 9/11, the United States government adopted this policy. As part of this new policy the US military went after terrorists in Afghanistan and destroyed the rurals infrastructure as well as in nocent civilians in the process. In early 2003, Iraq was attacked for the same reasons, with the same resulting damage. Terrorism directed against Iraqis and Coalition forces as well as military retaliation by Coalition forces continues to make the headlines in occupied Iraq. The cycle of violence continues.To say the cause of political corrasion in the Middle East is due to religious differences is too simplistic as well as unduly inflammatory. Other things come into play, such as protection of US interests involving energy production, and even control of the water supply by Israel and its neighboring countries. However, to say the violence has nothing to do with religious differences denies the outgoing 4,000 years of history.Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, three of the worlds great religions, have their roots as well their holiest places in the Middle East. All three religions revere Abraham as a common ancestor. Yet all three have had bloody interchanges throughout history. How and why did Abrahams children become such a dysfunctional family? Where is divinity fudge in this family feud? Finding answers to these theological questions that could help provide a peaceful future are important for all. Conflicts surrounding this family of God involve more people and places than were involved even 50 years ago. For example, currently there are more Muslims living in the United States than Methodists (Geisler and Saleeb, 2001).1The Story of IshmaelOne must wonder what event or events provided such fertile ground for violence and bad feelings to thrive?

The Role Of Intellectuals In The Rise Of Marxism History Essay

Marxism refers to the socio- semi governmental and scotch universe position which proposes communism as a policy-making governmental orientation to transform society into a better entity. The conceivers of Marxism were Karl Marx together with Friedrich Engels who lived in Britain but had originally migrated from Germany. Basically Marxism interprets society materialistically adopting the thought that social adjustment is driven by category battles where divers(prenominal) categories compete to puzzle better conditions. Karl Marx and Engels argued that capitalist scrimping has resulted in conquest of the lower category that form the mass in society and does non have retentivity by the middle class or the rich. This paper discuses how intellectuals helped in the rise of Marxism and concludes that they were the driving force in its rise.Marxism creative thinker has had a profound influence on intellectuals while intellectuals have contributed a batch to this idea. Many aca demicians in a broad scope of subjects have adoptive the historical apprehension of society espoused by Marxism including political scientists, economic expert, philosophers, psychologists, sociologists, historiographers and a host of many other intellectuals. The period that dictum the more or less important operation of Marx idea in societies around the universe was the twentieth century where intellectuals of note advanced the redness thought to pervade through political, economic and social domains of modalitys ( Curtis, 1997 ) . Marxist idea developed into a powerful political and societal motion with Marxist authoritiess taking over power in many states in the universe.Intellectuals and the Rise of MarxismAn rational can be referred to as anybody who employs intelligence-which is fundamentally thought and reason-in a critical and analytical mode at the professional or ain capacity. Intellectuals locomote the Marxist construct have chiefly dealt with theories and lea rned thoughts based on the original Marxist conjecture to develop their ain version of societal alteration effort that has had a large consequence on the rise of Marxism ( Bottomore, 1991 ) . Intellectuals have over clip been interested in Marxism although sometimes with truly distinguishable positions. Notably, intellectuals have influenced Marxism by righteousness of the facts that they come from categories within society, they aid in construing constructs and suiting them to specific state of affairss and besides, they be potentially leaders by virtuousness of their apprehension of society and its challenges and chances.Largely, intellectuals have been linked with political orientations and those concerned with Marxism have had a profound impact on the political and societal developments of assorted states in the twentieth century. The Russian mutation in 1917 led to the constitution of the individual most powerful state tally based on Marxist political orientation. The Sov iet Union was founded in the twelvemonth 1922 with several leaders of note like Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky being important Marxist theoreticians. Theoretical tendencies like Stalinism, Trotskyism and Marxism-Leninism were branchs of Marxism. In addendum to that, the civil war of China resulted in the people & A acirc s democracy of China in 1949 with Mao Zedong, the first leader developing the abstractive Maoism. A figure of states including, Cuba, Nepal, North Korea and Venezuela have besides followed in these lines with leaders who adopted Marxist doctrine set uping Marxist leadings. All these leaders brought around collective reforms in their states.To get down with, possibly the most of import intellectuals who promoted Marxism were the conceivers, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It is worthy observing that Marxism has taken many dimensions in the class of clip with different theoreticians advent up with their ain versions. This wider position of Marxis m can be contrasted to classical Marxism which is what the original minds Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels put front manward as their idea ( Curtis, 1997 ) . Karl Marx was a philosopher and political economic expert who besides became a noteworthy socialist revolutionist. His most noteworthy plants were turn toing issues of development and disaffection of the working category in capitalist economy and besides in developing the Theory of Historical Materialism. Marx analyzed history of worlds history based on category battles and produced the Communist Manifesto together with Friedrich Engels, the most of import of their work. His original thoughts proved really influential at the clip and subsequently particularly after the industrial revolution increased the wealth of states which was acquired by a few persons who oppressed the remainder of society. Marx thesis was the history of society has ever been the history of category battles. Following this statements, Marx called for socie tal alteration where he urged the victimized working category to lift up against the opinion category and the wealthy so as to accomplish a just distribution of resources ( Krygier, 1994 ) .As already stated, Friedrich Engels was an confederate of Marx and the carbon monoxide writer of the Communist pronunciamento and the Communist theory. Engels was a political philosopher who alongside Marx was deported from several states in Europe ascribable to his political and societal positions. For case, after the publication of the Communist pronunciamento in 1848, two Marx and Engels had to travel to Cologne after Belgium threw them out. The two wrote several other plants and published politically revolutionary newspapers advancing the Communist ideals that they held.Notably, although the two came up with a new and independent idea, they were greatly influenced by former minds and philosophers. Karl Marx drew his influences from classical Germany doctrine, early Gallic communism and b esides from classical British economic sciences ( Pejovich, 1990 ) . Gallic socialists saw capitalist economy as advancing a bad societal organisation, that of private belongings rights and hence capitalist economy. They blamed it for working category poorness, income inequality, kid labour, unemployment and many of the societal jobs. These thoughts were held by Marx as true ( Pejovich, 1990 ) .Philosophers from Germany like Hegel, Immanuel Kant and Ludwig Feuerbach besides influenced Marx thought a batch. Hegel for illustration tried to explicate a Social Change Theory stating that human history has been shaped by alterations in the societal construction coming from within the societal system. Marx besides developed his Theory of Historical Materialism based on this basic thought ( Pejovich, 1990 ) . Furthermore, Marx borrowed from the British economic expert David Ricardo the labor Theory of Value. The theory fundamentally espoused that any trade good & A acirc s value can be e quated to the figure of hours needed to bring fore it. To Karl Marx excessively, the working category were being exploited when the capitalist took the far greater excess and paid workers meagre rewards.Significant Modern TheoristsAssorted other intellectuals built upon the Marxist theory and came up with discrepancies that drove political and societal alteration in societies crosswise the universe. One of these discrepancies and possibly the most noteworthy in footings of followings and impact is Marxism-Leninism. Besides know as Collectivism or as many like to mention to it, communism, it had its ideological beginnings from Vladimir Lenin and other Russian intellectuals parts to Marx idea. As a immature freehanded male, Lenin was involved in practising jurisprudence before acquiring into political relations where he did radical propaganda. He was arrested and jailed for some months before being direct to expatriate in Siberia where he published many theoretical plants ( Read, 2 005 ) . Lenin subsequently became the leader of a split Social Democratic Labor Party which sought-after(a) to subvert the Tsarist government. The split was occasioned by the differing ideological positions or so the most suited manner of aiming societal alteration to Russia with Lenin staying with the redness cabal that finally took power ( Read, 2005.Basically, what Lenin and fellow intellectuals did was usage assorted agencies to distribute Marxist political orientations to the in-between category in Russia so as to make possible for a revolution by beat uping the working category and other lower categories against the opinion category. This work is what eventually led to the revolution of 1917 in Russia that introduced Marxist political orientation into the political and societal landscape of Russia widely referred to as communism ( Read, 2005 ) . Lenin introduced a socialist system of administration in Russia that replaced the absolute regulation of the Tsars.As a organic s tructure of idea, Marxism-Leninism was later closely identified with Joseph Stalin as its figure caput when Lenin died. Over clip nevertheless, there were ideological developments within the selfsame(prenominal) political orientation of Marxism-Leninism that creped up within Russia itself. These schools of idea continued to act upon the pattern of socialism in Russia and its orbiters for a long clip therefore guardianship Marxism together. Some of the major goings from the original Marxist-Leninism were the denouncing of the cult of personality that had developed around Stalin by Nikita Khrushchev and the dogma that category struggles go on even under socialism. Marxism political orientations continued playing a large portion of Russia & A acirc s personal businesss up to the decennary of 1990s. The long being of the Marxist pattern was enabled by the being of communist party members who continued advancing Marxist political orientations even exporting it to other states apart f rom the USSR during the cold war epoch. Intellectuals back uping Marxism would acquire educated in communist states and travel back place to form revolutions.Chinese pupils were exposed to western socialism largely in Japan which was relatively developed at the clip. The degree of rational involvement in Marxism amongst the Chinese was reasonably low in early twentieth century but changed when Russia managed the Bolshevik revolution and besides when the May Fourth Movement occurred in China. Harmonizing to Daniels ( 1987 ) , the East particularly China was non attracted to communism by Marxian analysis of history as subjugation of the lower category by the rich and powerful. Communism appealed to intellectuals of the East as a new subject and manner of life that would set their state in a better place to industrialise and derive national power to be able to vie with other states of the West which were good in front in footings of development. It really presented them with a manner of occidentalizing without really copying the West. Bing chiefly an agricultural economic system, Chinese Marxist intellectuals used the peasantry to advance their aspirations for a revolution by mentioning to it as the radical category. The sheer Numberss of the peasantry made it possible for the Chinese Marxists to prevail.The communist motion in China was really much divorced from workers in the old ages prior to the Communists presuming power. It was fundamentally used as an look of intellectuals who were extremist minded. Mao Tse-tung was the one intellectual who pushed for a engagement of the provincials to assist convey about a revolution ( Daniels, 1987 ) . The communist motion in China was therefore headed by intellectuals who followed the Marxian political orientation that the working and lower category must join and lift up against the opinion category so as to convey societal alteration. Intellectuals saw this as an chance to utilize the people non merely to convey the much needed societal alteration but besides come up with political alterations with them at the helm.In China, there existed many approaching intellectuals who holding been schooled in western instruction started to dispute traditional Chinese doctrine and faulting it for the jobs in China at the clip. Knight ( 2005 ) says the most noteworthy intellectuals who promoted Marxist political orientations included Mao Zedong, Qu Quibai, Ai Siqi and Li Dazhao. The four and others were basically revolutionists who used doctrine to acquire a better apprehension of the universe and a manner of rushing up alteration in the state. Marxism and the political orientations expressed in it were new to Chinas cultural agreements because the positions developed outside China. However, Marxism as already noted, was found to be appealing by the Chinese intellectuals because of the possible benefits of altering the Chinese society and delivery development in the state.Mao Zedong was peculiarly influentia l in advancing communism in China and initiated many efforts at cultural alterations in the state which involved a batch of grassroots mobilisations that built on Marxist ideological entreaty. The cult of Mao created by Mao Zedong and his close associates was besides of import in fostering the dogmas of Marxism and therefore steadfastly set uping communist leading.An epitome of Marxism entreaty to IntellectualsNovack ( 1935 ) argues that the clerisy of any society do non do up a category and make non by any agencies stand above the categories. Intellectuals are a group which is made up of members who are consciously or unconsciously pressed into functioning all categories. This group is really heterogenous due to the fact that it is drawn from different categories. They have different commitments, societal beginnings and aspirations. Thus the map of intellectuals is to joint issues and political orientations for the benefit of all members and categories of society. Although the int ellectuals have ever held a better place in society ( most come from the in-between category ) than the lower category which is down trodden, Marxism held a great entreaty to both of these groups. Again, holding no other theory to explicate the history of human dealingss, Marxism seemed logical plenty and still does to intellects ( Perry et al, 2009 ) .As Karl Marx himself observed, the rational are in a better place to rule others in the societal agreement by virtuousness of their cognition and ability ( Rockmore, 2002 ) . The intellectuals hence saw an chance in socialism where they could take the bulk of people to arise against the opinion category and therefore set up better conditions for all. This entreaty was so great and is what led intellectuals to cite the working categories and the hapless to lift against the swayers. By distributing these thoughts, the intellectuals played the greatest portion in the rise of Marxism and its outcrops in many states around the universe.In telligibly, Marxism is an ideological motion with really extremist propositions but one that had non been tried before. To intellectuals, the statement in this political orientation was logical and straightforward and given the many jobs afflicting many societies in the universe, intellectuals saw Marxism as the greatest hope for humanity.DecisionMarxism has held a great ideological entreaty to non lone intellectuals but besides the disadvantaged in society. Although its application proved a failure in the twentieth century with the diminution of communist governments, the political orientation continues to hold great entreaty to intellectuals across the universe. The work of intellectuals being the critical and originative analysis of ideological concepts, it has been instrumental in act uponing societies to follow Marxism and convey societal alteration. Intellectuals have promoted Marxism by coming up with thoughts about socialist society and suiting them to the peculiar contexts from which they come from. Besides, intellectuals have been instrumental in existent mobilisation of the hapless and working category to convey about revolutions across the universe. Notably, it is intellectuals who rose to the helm of political leading of the Communist regimes that came up during the twentieth century. In this manner, they were able to advance the rise of Marxism around the universe.

Internship Paper Essay

My role with the _____ County circuit judicatures varies pretty ofttimes daily. Originally I was assigned to circuit judiciary three. As it turns out though, they rent had a high school houseman coming since the beginning of the semester also, who is interning for a class she has. I believe she cuts in three times a week. In addition to this, they have a floater who rotates through all of the greets, there are seven, so they have more than enough religious service in their woo. Most days when I go in, I start in court of justice three, and then end up going to court work to help the ladies out there.When I am in court three, I basically do the filing that has accumulated throughout the day. Depending on the day, and if the other intern or the floater has been there, there powerfulness be anywhere from ten minutes to an hours worth of filing to do. After this is done, I might pull the yield off, meaning pull any files that correspond with mail the court has received. The se might be warrants, certified mail, requests to continue, follow up letters referencing a court case, etc.A hardly a(prenominal) times, when there has been a computer available, I have been able to enter information into the JUSTIS system, mostly through certified mail cards. Sometimes I would enter information for small claims cases, and then if the attorney or plaintiff/defendant would need copies of the information, I would mail those out.I would feel out the majority of my time spent at the courts was spent in court services though. Here I would do a lot of work for Mary, who is in pick of juvenile cases. A few weeks ago, I did more spreadsheets with data close to juveniles who were either in detention centers, or placed in treatment centers, ranging from 1998-2002. She has to have record of this and needed the material in an organized data format, so I did a lot of that. Ive also made many calls to agencies to see their per diem rates, or rates for those placed in thos e facilities per day that they stay.Another project I have done for Mary was tracking her mileage as she has traveled from facility to facility to vi mount the juveniles placed there. These facilities are located in various other places around the state, soshe often has to travel pertinacious distances to make these trips, and needs to track her mileage for record and compensation. These records also went back to I believe 1998 or 1999, and were recorded to the present date, so there was much tracking I had to do to figure out her total mileage per day, and then per year.Ive also worked several times with Lisa helping her. She is in charge of jurors and jury duty. She sends out notices once a month to those who are being called for jury duty for that month. I have helped her sort these names, put together the notices, and get them sent out to the potential jurors. This is a big job, as when it comes time to do it, she usually has boxes and boxes of notices needing to be sent out.So mething else I have done for court services would be to take their daily outgoing mail and run it through the postage machine to be sent out. This must happen virtually 5-6 times a day would be my guess. I have only done this a few times, but each time I have gone back, there was a replenished supply to be sent out. Also, sometimes I would take documents that needed to be mailed out from circuit court three to court services and put them in their corresponding lawyers mail slots, or send them out with the outgoing mail. Also, a few times I have had to take packages or documents for someone in court services down to the courthouse.I have really enjoyed working in the court system, both in circuit court three and in court services. As a criminal justice major I think of it has been a really good experience for me. I plan on graduating in December, and am hoping to go into Federal Investigations.Another interesting aspect of the internship where I did it was that I got to work somewh at along side of a fellow criminal justice major that I have known since our freshman year. She and I have had every criminal justice class together except for P100. We both applied for the internship, but never knew we would end up in the akin place, since there were quite a few options of places to work Also, my resident assistant from freshman year also works part time in the court system, so I was kind of reunited withher, which was quite a coincidence, considering how big this campus isLast pageThe last page of the paper is supposed to be additional comments about our good experiences and shortcomings of the internship. My good experiences would definitely be the people that I met and worked with there. They are a wonderful group of people, from the few I already knew, my fellow CJUS major and my R.A from freshman year, to everyone that I got to know and work with there. And Mary was wonderful especially. I felt like I could talk to her about school stuff since she gradational from IU also, whether it be to gripe about classes or get advice about the major/future plans.I think the shortcoming I can think of would be that I end up being an intern for circuit court three, not because I didnt like it, just for the fact that they already had a high school intern and a floater, so there really was not much for me to do there at all. I literally would go in court three for about a half hour or so and then spend the rest of my time in court services. Honestly I wish I could have been a general intern for court services or a second intern to Mary. judicature services was where I spent the majority of my time and I loved it.I also was told when I did my orientation that I would probably get to sit around in on court a few times and observe. To date I have not been able to do that. I dont know if the time hasnt worked out for when Ive been working, or if there just hasnt been much Id be able to sit in on. I remember Mary telling me that court three did have drug court, which I have heard them talk about a few times, and I would have loved to sit in on this, because the Drug Enforcement Agency is one of the Federal agencies Im very raise in. I would have definitely liked to participate in this aspect more than I was able to.I would say this has definitely been my toughest semester. I ended up dropping a class early in the semester because I was trying to take 19 hours, including the internship, so it was really even more since I had todedicate 10 hours a week to being there. At the beginning of the semester I thought I could handle all 19 hours and the internship, but I really felt like I didnt have time to even sleep, let alone study, so something had to go. I was literally booked square all week as I worked most of the day Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays I had class from 8-5 and then Wednesdays I would work all day also. And while I didnt have classes on Fridays, I worked in my hometown at the job I have been working at for the past few summers they let me come in part time and holidays so I can make some money. It was hard to juggle school, the internship, and my family situation this semester, but Im bright I was given the opportunity for the internship, I really do believe it was beneficial.

Social learning perspective and its implications education essay

A critical geographic expedition of Banduras social geting perspective and its deductions for larning in mainstream schoolroom for the persons who show disputing bearing.1.0 IntroductionAchieving strong dictation and encyclopaedism in mainstream scenes of students with disputing appearance remains a interrelate of professionals, research workers and pedagogues. The inquiry whether thither should be a typical teaching system for calculateing disciples with disputing fashion and or particular educational demands which had become a burning issue with the release of The Green Paper on particular educational demands ( SEN ) ( DfEE, 1997 ) any tour good as the Literacy Strategy and students with SEN guidelines ( DfEE, 1998 ) are declarative of the concern that run intoing the encyclopaedism demands of all scholars in current educational scenes airss for arresting and professional manikin since inclusion had began to specify the landscape of mainstream schoolroom ( Norwi ch & A Lewis, 2001 ) . This obviously reflects the altering political temper which aspire a more comprehensive society. However, there is concern about the achiev office of the rule that all kids and immature people are valued as persons, as reflected in the Government s papers Removing roadblock to Achievement ( DfES, 2004 ) , through a common teaching method in mainstream manner. Thus the importance of teaching- schooling attacks comes to the bow in finding effectual inclusive patterns specially for aiming students with disputing sort in mainstream schoolroom.An accessible scheme and attack to pull through this has to run into the attainment demands, and thus specify the l piddleer rightness of such attack undeniable for the scholars who show disputing look in mainstream schoolroom. Bandura ( 1977 ) developed a military strength that approaches larning as non merely a merchandise of classical and operant conditioning but as being influenced by data-based acquisition. Har monizing to Bandura ( 1986 ) experimental acquisition takes topographic point when the scholar learns from detecting the actions of a abstractive flyer and the effects of those actions taking to retrenchment or disinhibition of his ain action. What this implies for schoolroom pattern is that the scholar s challenge has to be located functionally, appreciated and addressed in spite of appearance a model that contextually interface efficaciously, enamour interactions between context, end and topic in a learning procedure.In critically measuring Bandura s societal acquisition position and its deduction for larning in mainstream schoolroom for the persons with disputing behavior, this essay aims at researching the value of the societal acquisition position as an attack that burn down inform effectual inclusive pattern in aiming learner-specific demands in mainstream context. The demand to aim single scholar demands, and at one magazine achieve inclusive mainstream marks and aims obviates the undertaking that has to be undertaken for the group of scholars with certain conditions and damages that do put barriers to acquisition, necessitating adjustment to be made to accomplish alike degree of larning as the normal scholar in order to guarantee that effectual acquisition takes topographic point across board. It is hence important that this essay suggests that within the flight of theories applicable to effectual acquisition, and within the context of mainstream schoolroom, Bandura s societal larning position stomach be an indispensable constituent of any multi-modular intervention in aiming the acquisition demands of the persons with disputing behavior. Therefore, more than of all time onwards, instruction and the principle that condescends the actions that instructors take encompass a broad scope of variables which basically involves larning. How is larning best identified, motivated, achieved, assessed and built upon for the scholar, are all inquiries th at proceed with, and warrant the some and changing disapproveminations that constitute instruction, possibly much more so, how it asshole best be approached in the mainstream schoolroom for the scholar with disputing behavior.1.1 Bandura s mixer Learning berth an overviewAlbert Bandura is a prima psychologist who had contributed vastly towards the development of many Fieldss of psychological science, and made an outstanding work with his societal acquisition theory. His societal acquisition theory is underpinned by his findings in researching the determiners and mechanisms of experimental larning through analysing the cardinal facets of human acquisition and the leaning of the scholar to pattern their ain behavior on the behavior of the observed other. Harmonizing to Ormond ( 1999 ) , Social acquisition as a theory concerns with acquisition that occurs within a societal context. The foundational tweak of the theory is based on the consideration that human existences learn from one another through experimental acquisition, imitation and simulation. Be let out is Ormond s farther premises as respects to societal larning theoryLearning back down happen through people detecting the behavior of others and the result of such behaviorsLearning toilet happen without a regeneration in behavior. What this suggests is that even though the Behaviorists had maintained that larning forces in a lasting alteration in behavior, the societal acquisition position s claim that larning can happen through card entirely means that larning may non needfully be signified either in creation presentation or represented by a alteration in behavior.Cognition is a basic key in larning. Social larning theory is grounded on the reading of human larning from the cognitive index. It suggests a nexus between behaviorist larning theories and cognitive theories.Bandura s societal acquisition position besides suggests the premise that modeling is rein drived by the purlieu, for cas e where the theoretical account behavior leads to effects that reinforce it. It is apparent that the behaviors that people learn from others are sometimes ensuing in fulfilling or reenforcing experiences. Bandura s Bobo raspberry experiment was used to represent how vicariously the behavior we learn from others can be reinforced whereby the theoretical account being copied reinforces for a response. The Bobo doll experiment shows a theoretical account kid pretendting an hyperbolic doll the Bobo doll. A group of students were shown the theoretical account being praised for hitting the doll. The consequence was that without being reinforced themselves, the students began to besides hit the Bobo doll.However, in modern-day times, emphasise on the societal acquisition position hold in tended to brood on support and penalty, angling more towards cognitive intercessions on acquisition and behavioral alteration. Contemporary attacks to societal larning perspective suggest that Suppo rt and penalty, even though are non the chief cause of acquisition, do back up an substantiative effects on acquisition.Both support and punishment impact on the degree and extent of which the behavior learnt is exhibited by the scholar.And that the scholar s expectancy of a signifier of support cognitively impacts on the procedures of acquisition.2.0 Social Learning and Cognitive proceduresBandura s societal larning perspective implies a figure of cognitive factors whereby it proposes a preeminence to be made between larning by observation and larning through imitation of what has been learned. Learning by observation involves cognitive processing during the class of observation and give go to, ( undertaking is cognitive ) , is critical to experimental acquisition. Likewise, cognitively Bandura s thesis outlines the procedures of larning. Bandura considers factors of outlooks, mutual causing and modeling in the connexions that is being made between capable, object and context in the acquisition procedure.2.1 Behaviours and patterningInstrumentally, the societal acquisition position shows how we can understand behavior as a procedure of larning through modeling, at least(prenominal) in portion. The societal acquisition perspective sees behaviour as being influenced by patterning. In the schoolroom for illustration, students can larn through mathematical presentations. The Bobo doll points to the illustration that aggression for case can be learned through theoretical accounts. Besides, research had shown that kids who are exposed to aggressive theoretical accounts, for case parents who are aggressive or violent, go more aggressive themselves. Then once more, moral thought and behavior that are modelled from a sense of right or incorrect are to a great extent influenced and developed through modeling.3.0 The scholar with Challenging Behaviour and mainstream contextChallenging behavior had been described as that behavior which prevents the betrothal of the scholar in appropriate actives and isolates the scholar from equals. It is seen as the behavior that affects the acquisition and operation of other people and that drastically reduces the scholar s chances for full employment in usual acquisition activities. The scholars with ambitious behaviors are ever doing inordinate demands on both staff resources and other larning support resources ( Harrris et. al. , 1993 ) . Harmonizing to McBrien & A Felce ( 1992 ) , disputing behavior can besides be seen as behavior which constitutes a challenge to other people minded(p) that it is hard to happen effectual manner of reacting to them. Challenging behaviour shown by the scholar does non intend he or she is in himself or herself the debatable, instead, it is the complex kineticss of interaction between the scholar, the scholar s behavior and the haggard s societal environment. Bandura in his work stated that of the many cues that influence behavior, at any point in clip, none is mor e common than the actions of others ( Bandura 1996 ) . The deduction of Bandura s thesis for mainstreaming scholars with disputing behavior in the context of mainstream schoolroom is that the scholar requires a scaffold of equal modeling and contextual designs that blend the acquisition environment with the covet influences.In sing the importance of teaching-learning attacks in his reappraisal, Wedell ( 2005 ) reported that late, authorities -funded research aimed at happening out if there are cardinal difference in particular demands and educational attacks in general, in the chief concluded, in line with the sentiment of Davis & A Florian ( 2004 ) , that the of import thing is to accomplish a teaching method that is inclusive of all scholars. However, effectual schoolroom instruction and acquisition is non merely dependant on the instructor his accomplishments, bringing techniques and environment, but every bit, on experience of the scholar s background and sound grasp of this background cognition by the instructor via resourceful channels. This will enable the instructor weigh what appropriate attacks can be good adopted to aim the learning demands of the varicolored nature of the scholars in mainstream scene including those who show disputing behavior. Inclusion which has become the mainstream attack to learning and acquisition is a notable ideal. Yet, the trouble is with the quandary it presents as respects practically run intoing the acquisition demands of those cohort of scholars who present disputing behavior and at the same clip meet set mark and recognize common aims within a portfolio of inclusive mainstream schemes and patterns that will non sabotage the acquisition and operation of other scholars in mainstream schoolroom. It is acknowledged, ( ) that despite policy statements and sporadic advanced intercessions in inclusive patterns, mainstream schoolrooms are still fighting to catch up with run intoing the demands of the scholars with behavio r challenges and aiming their demands through effectual acquisition attacks.Lewis and Norwich ( 1999 ) had in their work raised the inquiry of diverseness of larning demands in mainstream context. The statement is that larning attack ( Es ) that will fit the diverseness of larning demands in mainstream scenes with curricular outlooks across board are required. Therefore, Lewis and Norwich ( 1999 ) attempted a fantasyualisation of diverseness of larning demands as applicable to mainstream scenes and typified three countries of demands as scholar alone needs or single demandsexceeding demands or demands common merely to some group of scholars, andcommon needs or needs that cut across all scholars.A teaching method that responds generically to this broad scope of larning demands is advocated for aiming and suiting particular demands scholars including those with disputing behavior in mainstream schoolroom context ( Lewis & A Norwich, 1999 ) .4.0 Learning context and concept Bandura s Social acquisition Perspective4.1 What is larning?There is no simple reply to the inquiry what is larning? Brackenbury ( 2008 ) noted that larning could be consequence of Maturation ( nature, heredity )Experience ( raising, environment )Cognitive procedures ( thought, intelligence, linguistic communication )Socio-emotional proceduresInteraction between biological, cognitive, societal factors, etc.Gredler ( 2001 ) sees larning as the procedure of acquisition of modernistic accomplishments, cognition, attitudes and values with an result which manifests in the new capablenesss possessed by the scholar. Good and Brophy ( 1990 ) describes larning in footings of the lasting alteration in capacity for public presentation which is acquirable through experience. Learning has besides been approached from a scope of theoretical positions that tend to pattern schemes which enable an apprehension of the ends and outlooks for persons every bit good as groups involved in the acquisition proced ure.4.2 Some conjectural Positions of LearningThe followers are illustrations of theoretical positions outlined by Davis & A Florian, ( 2004 ) .Behavioural theoretical accounts focuses on what can be observed as larning results based on the rules of support theory in different larning contexts. It considers wholly behaviour as being learned in conformity with the regulations which determines it. Bandura s societal larning perspective agrees with this theoretical account.Constructivists theoretical accounts the scholar is seen as active participant in the cognition seeking procedure by doing his or her experience responsive and relevant and getting intrinsic satisfaction through acquisition and work outing jobs.Social realiseivism scholars active function in acquisition is placed within the context of his or her societal groups or community for case, equal forum, schoolroom, school, wherein cognition is reciprocally created through purposeful interactions and valued activities .It has to be good appreciated that a good apprehension of the workings of any one or a combination of these theoretical accounts is important in the instruction and acquisition procedure and possibly more so, in efficaciously using them to the context of the scholars with particular demands like those demoing ambitious behaviors. As observed in Wedell ( 2005 ) , the cardinal component sing rightness of instruction and acquisition attacks is the acknowledgment of the topographic point of the scholar as an active instead than a inactive participant. Therefore, for any learning theory to associate and react to the scholar as an active participant in the instruction and acquisition procedure, it has to take into awareness the inquiry of what determines larning, for who, at what phase, and in what fortunes in order non to besiege the share and alone larning demands of the scholar, particularly within the wide scenes of inclusive mainstream schoolroom.4.3 Analyzing the societal acquisit ion positionIn an article written by domestic dog Pajares ( 1997 ) , the societal acquisition perspective draws accent on the influence of anticipations and self-efficacy on behavior and behavioral alteration. It considers patterning or experimental acquisition as analogue to reinforcement. New behavior, particularly behaviours in signifier of aggression, force as seen modelled by parents and in the media, which have had influence on the manner kids act, are being explained with this position. Equally, as a position to acquisition, the societal acquisition construct is critical of behaviorist, psychoanalytic and trait theories of behavior. The societal acquisition construct does non see support as necessary in larning given that it suggests people can larn through merely observation. In line with the construct, behavior can be modelled through anticipations and so maintained or terminated by its effects. The position explains behavioral jobs as being ensuing from low degrees of se lf-efficacy. Self-efficacyIn line with the societal acquisition position, self-efficacy can be seen as assurance towards larning. The impression is that people commonly would prosecute in behavior they are more certain of their capableness of put to deathing successfully. What this implies for larning is that the higher the degree of self-efficacy, the more confident the scholar is towards larning. Theoretically throw worked, self-efficacy therefore supports the acquisition procedure given that scholars with high ego efficaciousness would be given to accomplish more being confident performing artists. legion(predicate) factors are considered to impact the scholar s self-efficacy. Such factors as personal successes and failures, the successes and failures of others and signals or messages received from others like equals are seen as likely to impact self-efficacy. Frank Pajares ( 1997 )Aboard self-efficacy is the impression of self-regulation, self-instruction, self-monitoring and self-reinforcement. Self-regulation which in societal acquisition construct go on when the person in consideration of his ain thoughts about the rightness or otherwise of certain behaviors chooses actions to accommodate his intent. The several facets of self-regulation include self-standards and ends, self observations, self opinion and self reaction. Self-regulation is considered as being an of import technique to larning given that it can be instrumental to self-reward where and when needed behavior is achieved. On the other manus, self-instruction is considered helpful in larning whereby the scholar takes self-instructions that steer his or her behaviour towards accomplishing a end.Self-monitoring and self-reinforcementHarmonizing to the societal acquisition position, the constructs of self-monitoring and self-reinforcement are critical to larning as they are the two ways the scholar can command his or her ain behavior. First the scholar can wield and detect his or her behavio r utilizing markers to foreground the high and low Markss in behavior. Then once more, the scholar can act upon his or her behavior by reenforcing himself or herself or by keep backing such support. However, the societal acquisition theory has been criticised for giving small significance to development, motive and struggle. Ormond ( 1999 )4.4 Assessment and provision of Social LearningThe appraisal of societal acquisition is done through affecting the scholars and inquiring them to do statement about their sensed degree of self-efficacy and outlooks and associated behaviors. The scholars statements of self-efficacy are therefore considered as predictive of their degrees of public presentation. For appraisal, comparings are so made of the efficaciousness outlooks that are obtained before and after intercession in order to observe whether there has been additions or lessenings in scholars self-efficacy.The societal acquisition perspective considers the scholars behavior challenge s as end point from factors such as exposure to theoretical accounts exposing nix behavior, negative anticipations and negative self-conceptions, take downing degrees of self-efficacy or inefficaciousness, and negative self-evaluations. Anxiety in this context is explained as ensuing from perceived inefficaciousness, outlooks of non being able to get by with baleful state of affairss or people. Therefore, with addition in self-efficacy come assurance and less anxiousness and ability to get by with menaces from state of affairss and people.Normally, experience of low degrees of self-efficacy may be observed with scholars demoing behavior challenges. In practical footings, what this means for schoolroom larning context is that their feelings of inability to execute consequences in scoured assurance, and falling down the stairs desired behavior. This frustrating self-doubt leads such scholars to reason that they may be missing in the necessary resources or accomplishments required t o accomplish desirable public presentation. It is hence the purpose of societal larning intercessions to convey to the larning context an addition in the scholars self-efficacy assurance and ability to aim and run into the coveted ends. And it is through intercessions patterning, self-instructional statements, self-reinforcement, etc that self-efficacy can be changed.5.0 Social larning perspective and Classroom InterventionsIncreasingly, researches had informed the sentiment that successful schoolroom public presentation may depend, in portion, on effectual acquisition attacks, and that a acquisition trouble is non merely a fixed feature of the scholar, but partially determined by the acquisition context ( Frederickson and Cline, 2006 ) . The societal acquisition intercession aims at incorporating topic, object and context to accomplish addition in the scholars both developments in the cognitive and behavioral competences. Its two chief tools of intercessions are using modeling and altering perceived self-efficacy of the scholar.5.1 ModelingModelling is applied to enable the scholar inhibit or disinhibit public presentation and to ease public presentation as desired in term of appropriate or inappropriate. Through observation of appropriate theoretical accounts, scholars can be cued to larn to want accomplishments and behaviors. By following theoretical accounts that can convey the right messages of success and show a sequence of appropriate actions. Learners can larn both through cognitive modeling and or by direct instructions. However, the instructor will be required to verbalize their problem-solving processs for the scholar to larn by cognitive modeling. As an intercession scheme, modeling is characterized by the following(prenominal) cuesProgressive phases ( it is structured measure by measure )Feedbacks ( feedbacks are basically incorporated )Clarity ( it has to be shown clearly and be easy understood ) congruity ( the scholar rehearses his behavior until satisfactory degrees of cleverness are reached )The instructor stands significantly as a theoretical account for the scholar. The instructor can bring on consistence by showing the desirable theoretical account behavior to the scholars to enable the scholars imitate the needed behavior until a satisfactory degree of competency is achieved. Feedback remarks from the instructor are besides necessary to carry through the learning procedure of patterning every bit much as supports of the attempts the scholar is doing, and promoting the scholar to put on positive self-statements in order to accomplish a high motive for the acquisition undertaking. Peer modeling is every bit of import as a cardinal tool and effectual manner of behavioral modeling in larning. When scholars observe their equals get the hanging jobs they tend to pattern them if they are symbolically represented as successful. This goes to state hence that theoretical accounts that can efficaciously be an influence o n equals should hold the features of being presented as realistic, conveying trust, be converting and earn sufficient repute amongst other equals.5.1.1 Conditionss required for ModelingBandura ( 1977 ) recognized that certain conditions are prerequisite for effectual modeling. These conditions are considered necessary because they have to be present before a scholar can successfully pattern the behavior of another the theoretical account. These four conditions as outlined by Bandura include ( Ormond 1999 ) Attention attending to the theoretical account is required from the scholar. This presuppose, possibly that the theoretical account has to keep some considerable involvement for the scholar. Attention plays a critical function in larning and is frequently influenced by the outlook of support.Retention the scholar has to be able to do clear observation and be able to remember and retrieve the behavior which has been modelled. Using dry run as a technique of increasing ability of k eeping of observations can be encouraged.Motor reproduction thirdly is the ability of the scholar to perchance retroflex the modelled behavior. However, the scholar s developmental degree has to be matched with the complex nature of any undertaking for effectual modeling to happen. pauperism it is necessary that the scholar has to be sufficiently motivated for effectual modeling to happen. There has to be sufficient evidences for the scholar to use his erudite undertaking. Learners have to hold application for showing what they have learnt. Even though these are predisposing factors or conditions for effectual modeling, it has to be noted that these conditions varies among single scholars and hence predicate same behavior albeit with fluctuations in bring forthing such coveted behavior.5.1.2 The impact of Modeling on behaviorModeling can impacts behaviour in many ways. Through modeling, new behaviors are learnt and antecedently learned behaviors are reinforced and attachd in freque nce of happening. Modeling can besides be used as a larning tool to deter or promote antecedently prohibited behavior, every bit good that undertaking are non set or required that are beyond the leaner s ability, and or developmental capacity to get by. Encouraging self-regulation techniques that can supply an effectual method for bettering the scholar s behavior is necessary to accomplish a good degree of assurance in keeping the coveted behavioral mark. The outlook of support influences cognitive procedures that promote larning. As a consequence of being reinforced, people form outlooks about the effects that future behaviors are likely to convey. The scholar needs to be cognizant of the appropriate response and support that can convey approximately assurance and increase self-efficacy. The instructor can therefore promote the publicity of such self-efficacy by constructing a channel for the scholars to have assurance lifting messages and props through detecting others successes a nd being active in sing success on their ain advancement.6.0 Evaluation in societal acquisition positionEvaluation from this perspective chiefly involves placing and entering alterations in sensed self-efficacy following intercession, i.e. from lower to higher degrees of efficaciousness, sufficient to convey about important behavioral alteration. The effectivity of experimental acquisition and modeling can besides be evaluated. Changes in self-efficacy should be important adequate for scholars to experience that they have achieved a sense of personal jibe and competency. As a consequence they should now be able to get and use get bying accomplishments with regard to job behavior.7.0 Educational deductions of Social Learning PerspectiveIn schoolroom scenes, the societal acquisition attack can impact on larning in many ways. A sum-up of the deductions of the societal acquisition position for the scholar are given below Learners frequently learn through detecting other peopleClear dif ferentiation between behaviors and their effects can efficaciously ensue to increase in coveted behavior from the leaner and lessenings in the unwanted behavior. In the schoolroom, affecting the scholars in treatment on the wagess for and effects of coveted and the unwanted behaviors can be used to ease the acquisition procedure.Through modeling can be an effectual option to defining by supplying a quick and more easy antiphonal agencies for learning new behavior. However, to accomplish effectual larning through modeling, the four indispensable conditions must be attending, keeping, motor reproduction, and motive.8.0 DecisionBandura s societal acquisition position has application for larning in mainstream schoolroom for the persons with disputing behavior. Although a discrepancy of the traditional behaviorist position on acquisition and development, it furthered the pertinence of the rules of conditioning and support elaborated earlier by Skinner, conveying a more contextual attac k to acquisition by observation and imitation. Bandura s societal larning perspective nowadayss a thesis that demonstrates that patterning is the footing of the development of a broad spectrum of behavior in kids.What implications this thesis has for larning is that the scholar can larn accomplishments and behavior merely by notice and listening to others around them. Then once more, that through the bureau of patterning the scholar can larn to larn or unlearn new and old behavior severally. Therefore, in sing the acquisition intercessions appropriate for the scholars in inclusive mainstream schoolroom, patterning can be an appropriate attack to a learning procedure designed to aim their acquisition demands. Bandura s societal larning perspective possibly, might be an indispensible constituent of intercessions in aiming the acquisition demands of this group of scholars if inclusive rules are to be achieved and all scholars every bit supported in this context.

Ernie Breaks Essay

Sometimes expectations are too big to satisfy, even though you try your very best. It would be wrong to raise expectations to a take that washbasinnot be met. You are scared that you might disap period of time the people you have closest. Therefore you try to hide yourself and your insufficiency. This is just one of the things Cara deals with in the story, Ernie Breaks, written by Genevieve Scott. The short story is told through the eyes of Cara. Cara has just finished fourth grade, and her mother wants to reward her for that. Therefore she brings Cara and Caras brother Jed to a pet store. Here they settle down to buy a turtle, which Jed and Cara have to share. They call the turtle Ernie. One day when Cara comes home from school, Jed is maltreating Ernie. This makes Cara very sad and she wants to show her mother what Jed had done and show that Ernies store is very messy. She ends up loosing Ernie, as he falls to the ground and dies.The characters get described in an indirect way, where the reader has to draw conclusions from the way the characters act and how Cara explains them from her point of view. An good example of that is where Jed is described He goes in there with his friend Toby everyday after school to play records and ignore me. This means that Jed also doesnt help me with my math homework like Mom made him promise, so I am terrified that Ill fail or get travel into retard room1. This is a good example of the indirect characterization, as this quote shows us that Jed is a brother, who does not worry very much near his sister. Firstly, he ignores her and secondly, he does not help Cara with her math, even though he promised. In addition you can see that Cara is very bad at math and needs help to get better. Throughout the short story Cara gets seen very considerate, especially around Ernie , if I say anything though, Im afraid Ill start to cry2.The fact that she nearly starts to cry, because Jed and his friend, Toby, are teasing Ernie, means th at you get the impression that Cara is a very considerate and emotional person, especially when something happens to Ernie. This can have something to do with that she feels safe around Ernie. Furthermore Cara looks very much up to her elder brother Jed. This can be seen where Cara had got in trouble for characterization on the girl from her class shirt Hell at least think its cool that I got in trouble.3 The fact that Cara thinks that getting in trouble is not so bad,because her brother will think she is cool, shows us that Cara looks very much up to her brother. As come up she uses the kindred words as Jed get moved into the retard room. In the beginning of the story we get told that Retard room is a word that Jed uses.Therefore we are aware that Cara uses the same words as Jed. The main theme in this short story is family relationship and about expectations, you have defined for each other. Observing the fashion of the characters, it can be seen that the main theme, family relationship, comes to expression through the characters in the way that the expectations they have for each other gets broken and they try to hide their insufficiency. This can be seen in all three characters. In the start Cara tells us about her mother and how she is trying to stop smoking with help from Quit4life, but in privy(p) buys cigarettes from a pharmacist called Ernie Sherman Ernie Sherman, the pharmacist where Mom buys her cigarettes because she wont run into anyone from Quit4life4. Here it is obvious that either herself or the people from Quit4life expect her to stop smoking. Still, she does it on the QT and in that way she tries to avoid losing face. She does that to hide her incompetence.The same behaviour is visible in Cara. She is expected to take care of Ernie, but ends up killing him by dropping him on the cornerstone I jump backwards like Valerie Calorie and Ernie flips up off my palm and crashes off the edge of the tank and onto the floor.5 Afterwards, she p retends having accomplished the expectations that is set for her by not telling her mother the truth about what happened. The short story also explains the expectations for Jed. He is as well as Cara supposed to take care of Ernie, but ends up maltreating him to play cool in front of his friend Jed is holding Ernie over the turntable. He puts him down ticktack-first and then(prenominal) puts his index finger on his belly.6 Genevieve Scott uses in this short story symbols. The turtle in this short story symbolises Cara and what she has experienced, where she has to lock herself in a shell. An example of that is where she has to have a math test, and she does not know how to do it and draws a picture of Ernie instead.Besides, she does not want to show Valerie her results I take Valerie Calories from her, but I dont give her mine.7 Here you can see that she is embarrassed and therefore she wants to lock herself in a shell to protect her. Moreover she hits back against the people wh o do something bad to her like Ernie does when he experiences something bad I grab the black magicmarker from inwardly my desk and swipe it across her yellow sweater8. Here you can see that she does not put up with people making fun of her in the same way Ernie does not put of with being maltreated. Therefore there can be drawn parallels between Ernie and Cara.At the end where Ernie dies, something dies inside of Cara as well I dont understand why we have to learn about broken numbers. If something is broken, its wrecked and useless anyway. If its not your error that its broken, you usually dont need to care about it9. If you interpret this quote, you can see that Ernies shell symbolises the shell Cara has to protect herself with. When Ernies shell breaks, Caras shell breaks as well, and as Cara says, when something is broken, its wrecked and useless.So we can therefore conclude that when Ernies shell breaks and he dies, Cara feels wrecked and useless. boilers suit we can conclud e that Genevieve Scott really has been capable of telling a story with focus on family relationship with the short story Ernie Breaks. Genevieve Scott has throughout the story utilize a first person narrator, writing from Caras point of view. This has made it easy for us as reader to understand what Cara thinks. The story is furthermore in self-will of an indirect characterization, and we learn about the characters through their actions.

Business Decision Mapping Essay

The Shamrock Manufacturing Chicago represent manager, Sean Fitzpatrick is contemplating replacing a large piece of manufacturing equipment. Mr. Fitzpatrick is also inline for a packaging to Shamrocks larger Houston plant within the next year, and is hesitant to make any closes that will reduce short-run operating income and his performance evaluation. While the prospective reserve equipment promises to reduce cash operating costs, it costs $90,000, as well as the loss on electric pig cost of the old equipment, which has not fully depreciated. front to making a decision, Mr. Fitzgerald must identify all relevant costs and chose a decision for the best interest of Shamrock (Datar, Rajan, 2013).AnalysisThe available entropy to consider in this case is the old appliances bribe price ($150,000) the current book value of the old machine ($60,000) the market value of the old machine ($36,000) the cost of the new equipment ($90,000) and the reduction in annual cash operating costs ( $32,500). each(prenominal) historical costs are considered irrelevant, as they have already occurred and have no effect on future costs. The only relevant costs that should be considered for this decision are the future cash operating costs, the disposal value of the old machine, and the cost of the new machine that will be deprecated over the next two years. base on the 1 and 2 worksheets in Appendix A of this document, year whizz yields an increase in expenditures of $6500, besides includes the $24,000 loss of disposal of the old machine, which is irrelevant. The only relevant data is the sum of money biyearly costs shown on worksheet 2 that shows a reduction in total relevant cash flow of $11,000. The results of worksheet 1 are not beneficial for Mr. Fitzgerald, but the overall results in year two benefit Shamrock. Based on the 3 worksheet, with a lower new equipment cost ($77,000), year one breaks even, which is irrelevant, and the total two-year reductions in total relevan t cash flow are $24,000.ConclusionBased solely on the worksheet information (Appendix A), the company should replace the equipment. All relevant costs located in worksheets 2, and 3 indicate that Shamrock manufacturing will benefit by replacing the machines at either equipment cost. However, worksheet 1 presents a task for Mr. Fitzgerald as it shows a $6500 increase in the stolon year expenses, which are irrelevant in the long-run, but may encourage Mr. Fitzgerald not to purchase the new equipment because it may reflect badly on the short-run net operating income of his plant during the evaluation period for his promotion. Worksheet 3 offers a breakeven scenario in the first year and a $24,000 reduction in relevant cash flows in year two, which is the best option for Mr. Fitzgerald and Shamrock, if available.ReferenceDatar, S., Rajan, M., (2013). Financial and Managerial accounting, custom edition, Pearson tuition Solutions, Ch. 9Appendix AShamrock Manufacturing relevant cash flo w analysisAppendix B5- pure tone Critical Thinking Decision-Making Process Matrix grade 1 Identify the problem(s) and uncertainties.What exactly is the problemSean Fitzpatrick has an opportunity to decrease long-run cash flow by replacing a large piece of plant equipment.The problem is this Mr. Fitzpatrick is up for a promotion and is concerned that any short-run decreases in operating income will affect his performance evaluation.This is an all-important(prenominal) problem becauseMr. Fitzpatricks decision may be good for the company, but could hurt his career aspirations.The key question(s) that needs to be answered to solve this problem is What is the best decision for yellow trefoil in the long-run?Step 2 Obtain information.The following information is needed to answer this question What are the relevant costs that impact the decision to keep or replace the equipment? Based on the 1 and 2 worksheets, what decision would be made in years one and two? Based on the 3 worksheet, w ould the decision be different for years one and two compared to the initial cost of the new equipment?Some important assumptions I am using in my thinking areI believe that the best decision for Shamrock is not the best decision for Mr. Fitzpatrick, which creates an ethical dilemma.The points of view relevant to this problem belong toSean Fitzpatrick.Note Remember to view the information you have obtained for potential bias. This is from the perspective of your own bias to the look into and the bias of the authors who compiled the data and the research you gathered. In other words, do not discount the importance of others data because of your own bias(is). Step 3 Make predictions about the future.If this problem gets solved, some important implications are Long-run relevant cash flows will be reduced, and operating income will increase.If this problem does not get solved, some important implications are An opportunity to decrease relevant cash flows will be missed.The potential al ternative solutions to solve the problem are Keep the status quo or make a tough decision that will benefit Shamrock in the long-run.Note if the problem is one-dimensional, there may be just one correct solution. Step 4 Make decisions by choosing among alternatives.What is the best solution and whyBy the new equipment, because it decreases long-run relevant cash flows.Step 5 Implement the decision, evaluate performance, and learn. In business, the fifth step in the decision making process is implementation. In the MBA program, most times you will end with Step 4 since you will not have the opportunity to implement. You may be asked to develop an implementation plan and recommend how you will evaluate performance in some assignments.

The History Boys

The narrative Boys is unsloped about eight boys of high academic abilities who are preparing to sit the Oxbridge entry exam. They are taught by twain homosexual t separatelyers, bullyrag and Irwin, who have correspond different teaching method strategies. bullyrag is an aged(a) adult male with strengthened feelings to state of wards poetry and has no particular teaching program and gropes his students and it jut outms that the boys dont re anyy enjoy it though at the end it shows that they are quite ok with that.Irwin, a lots younger man, is much sensible about teaching. He is the new teacher that has been taken in to teach the students about how to offer out between their competitors with getting into Oxford.There is quite some disputation between both the teachers with intimidate being older and Irwin being much attractive and being very fill up in age with the boys.He does, depressingly soHector seems very jealous and blue at the incident that the new teache r Irwin is clever. This means that in that respect is even more competition for Hector and that if he wants to impress the boys, he needs to exploit harder. Irwin is obviously younger and even more attractive than Hector which could brand things even more composite for Hector. Hector is clearly gay and gropes his students, tho what the students do non realise is that Irwin too is gay. Hector obviously has realized that the students dont rattling mind him groping them as they are non objecting in any port. He could be s parcel outd that Irwin would do the same as he does and therefore because of his attractiveness the boys would give care Irwin more than they like Hector. The fact that their teaching strategies are so different makes it even more interesting to compare the two together. At star point in the history, both teachers teach the boys at the same time.We dont go to sleep who we are, sir. Your class or Mr. Irwins.At Irwins lessons, the boys are more serious, a s Irwin has a programme. At Hectors lessons they are more thoughtful and they decide how to start the lessons. So when both teachers are teaching at the same time it gets a little difficult and they boys dont really get along how to behave.Mrs. Lintott is not very surprised at the fact that Irwin is intelligent.Read also History QuizzesThe Catcher in the rye whiskey is a 1951 novel by J. D. Salinger. in the first place published for adults, the novel has become a viridity part of high school and college curricula doneout the English-speaking cosmea7Its quite strange that the word of honor was originally published for adults and now is used astray in schools and colleges.Let each child thats in your care have as much psychoneurosis as the child render fire bear.This is a percentage from Audens poem Letter to Lord Byron. He could be consequence that its no harm if you bring up your children in a hard way as it lead be good as long as it does not go too farther. So really, the books that are not liked by the children and til now are forced upon them wont harm them and it will be profitable to them one day.In the next ingredient of the play, Irwin and the boys are talking about the Second ground War and the reasons for why it really happened. Irwin starts off and lets the boys come to a conclusion.Which, sir, since Wilfred Owen says men were decease like cattle, is the give up word.Hector finds it important that they know poems by discovert as it will be understood by them one day, and that is what really happens here. They use their knowledge thats tending(p) over by Hector not just in English but in their other lessons center that learning these poems by essence really is useful. The poem describes how so many men were dying during the war that they looked like masses of animal.First ClassI am dozy.The fact that he is asleep is because he has read exactly the same story for 8 times and he had rather read something what would be outside pa ssels comfort zone. Especially when that bear witness can guarantee you a place in on of the top universities you need to think for yourself and try to stand out within the crowd, your competitors.What has that got to do with anything? constitution an essay on history should not per se be about the truth. History is truth as far as the releasers are concerned and is comm alone written by those that were winning (in a war for example). History is history for those who want to believe it is history from the victorious perspectives. If you read it from the perspective of the conquered you will hear another story and the other would be blamed.We quieten dont like to admit the war was even partly our sack because so many of our people died. correspond to Irwin, the Second world lead to many people dying which is why people are sensitive about it but what they do not know is that there were people that actually enjoyed the war. According to him, and he is referring the poets, most o f them seem to have enjoyed the war.13 Because of the war the poets had something to compose about, thats where they got their inspiration from. If there was no war, they would not have been able to frame such compelling poems without a lot of difficulty. When you have experienced something yourself it is much easier to write about it.Poems are the speech of the poet and you can interpret it in any way you like yet you cannot exactly know what the poet meant with his words.In other wordsAgain, this is something they have learned in Hectors lessons. Irwin thinks the lessons of Hector are more fun than nurtureal but this clearly says that they do learn things in his lesson.At schools teachers spoon-feed their students all the way through. When Rudge asks Irwin What do I write down(p)?15 Irwin responds with I must(prenominal) not write down every word that teacher says.16 Irwin clearly wants them to think for themselves. Hes happy to attend to them along and tell them what dire ction they need to go to, but at the end of the day, it has to be them that think it through and they should come to an own conclusion on their own.The History BoysThe History Boys is about eight boys of high academic abilities who are preparing to sit the Oxbridge entry exam. They are taught by two homosexual teachers, Hector and Irwin, who have total different teaching strategies.Hector is an older man with strong feelings towards poetry and has no particular teaching program and gropes his students and it seems that the boys dont really enjoy it though at the end it shows that they are quite ok with that.Irwin, a much younger man, is more sensible about teaching. He is the new teacher that has been taken in to teach the students about how to stand out between their competitors with getting into Oxford.There is quite some competition between both the teachers with Hector being older and Irwin being more attractive and being very close in age with the boys.He does, depressingly soH ector seems very jealous and depressed at the fact that the new teacher Irwin is clever. This means that there is even more competition for Hector and that if he wants to impress the boys, he needs to work harder. Irwin is obviously younger and even more attractive than Hector which could make things even more complicated for Hector. Hector is clearly gay and gropes his students, but what the students do not know is that Irwin too is gay. Hector obviously has realised that the students dont really mind him groping them as they are not objecting in any way. He could be scared that Irwin would do the same as he does and therefore because of his attractiveness the boys would like Irwin more than they like Hector. The fact that their teaching strategies are so different makes it even more interesting to compare the two together. At one point in the story, both teachers teach the boys at the same time.We dont know who we are, sir. Your class or Mr. Irwins.At Irwins lessons, the boys are more serious, as Irwin has a programme. At Hectors lessons they are more thoughtful and they decide how to start the lessons. So when both teachers are teaching at the same time it gets a little difficult and they boys dont really know how to behave.Mrs. Lintott is not very surprised at the fact that Irwin is intelligent.Read also History QuizzesThe Catcher in the Rye is a 1951 novel by J. D. Salinger. Originally published for adults, the novel has become a common part of high school and college curricula throughout the English-speaking world7Its quite strange that the book was originally published for adults and now is used widely in schools and colleges.Let each child thats in your care have as much neurosis as the child can bear.This is a section from Audens poem Letter to Lord Byron. He could be meaning that its no harm if you bring up your children in a hard way as it will be good as long as it does not go too far. So really, the books that are not liked by the children and yet are forced upon them wont harm them and it will be useful to them one day.In the next section of the play, Irwin and the boys are talking about the Second World War and the reasons for why it really happened. Irwin starts off and lets the boys come to a conclusion.Which, sir, since Wilfred Owen says men were dying like cattle, is the appropriate word.Hector finds it important that they know poems by heart as it will be understood by them one day, and that is what really happens here. They use their knowledge thats given over by Hector not just in English but in their other lessons meaning that learning these poems by heart really is useful. The poem describes how so many men were dying during the war that they looked like masses of animal.First ClassI am asleep.The fact that he is asleep is because he has read exactly the same story for 8 times and he had rather read something what would be outside peoples comfort zone. Especially when that essay can guarantee you a place in on of the top universities you need to think for yourself and try to stand out within the crowd, your competitors.What has that got to do with anything?Writing an essay on history should not per se be about the truth. History is truth as far as the writers are concerned and is usually written by those that were victorious (in a war for example). History is history for those who want to believe it is history from the victorious perspectives. If you read it from the perspective of the conquered you will hear another story and the other would be blamed.We still dont like to admit the war was even partly our fault because so many of our people died.According to Irwin, the Second world lead to many people dying which is why people are sensitive about it but what they do not know is that there were people that actually enjoyed the war. According to him, and he is referring the poets, most of them seem to have enjoyed the war.13 Because of the war the poets had something to write about, thats wh ere they got their inspiration from. If there was no war, they would not have been able to write such powerful poems without a lot of difficulty. When you have experienced something yourself it is much easier to write about it.Poems are the words of the poet and you can interpret it in any way you like yet you cannot exactly know what the poet meant with his words.In other wordsAgain, this is something they have learned in Hectors lessons. Irwin thinks the lessons of Hector are more fun than educational but this clearly says that they do learn things in his lesson.At schools teachers spoon-feed their students all the way through. When Rudge asks Irwin What do I write down?15 Irwin responds with I must not write down every word that teacher says.16 Irwin clearly wants them to think for themselves. Hes happy to help them along and tell them what direction they need to go to, but at the end of the day, it has to be them that think it through and they should come to an own conclusion on their own.The History BoysHow does bennet use dramatic comedy to offer criticism of contemporary attitudes to education in The History Boys? In this essay I am going to explain how Alan Bennet uses dramatic comedy to criticise the contemporary attitudes towards education in the History Boys. The contemporary attitudes that are criticised are Utilitarianism, Humanism and Pragmatism. He does this by using a range of satirical devices. Satire is the use of humour, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize peoples stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.It is usually used to comment on society by observing their way of thinking and they way they behave. The History Boys is a satire because throughout the book each attitude is being criticised through the characters The overlord, Hector, Irwin and The Boys. All attitudes are shown to be in disagreement with each other as they all have a different view on educatio n. The first attitude towards education Bennet presents us with is the Utilitarian attitude. This is where you only consider what will be best for a group of people and not just the individual.At the start of the novel Bennet introduces us to the character of the Headmaster who criticises the utilitarian attitude towards education in Thatchers Britain. This is shown to us in the opening scene of the play which was set in the staff room and he headmaster was discussing the boys A Level results with their history teacher, Mrs Lintott (Dorothy). Their A Levels are very good. The fact that very good is in italics and is emphasised upon by the headmaster suggests to the readers that he is taking pleasure for himself from what the boys have achieved.By showing this Bennet has led the audience to acknowledge that the headmaster takes pleasure in others winner even though he appears utilitarian. As we continue into the scene with Mrs Lintott and the Headmaster, we are shown that the headma ster praises her for her part in helping the boys to pass however it could be argued that he is patronising her at the same time by talking down to her. This is shown when he says Thanks to you Dorothy.Mrs Lintott suggests that they should continue with the way they are teaching in social club to achieve better results however the Headmaster interrupts her by saying yes yes and continues to listing what he would like to happen. This is shown when he says I am thinking league tables, open scholarships and reports to the Governors. The fact that the headmaster lists what he wants portrays him, to the audience, as being a selfish character, he does not want whats good for the boys but he wants things that will make him look good. The constant use of I want also backs up the idea of him being selfish.However he also talks about the boys doing themselves justice, this could make us as readers question whether he does genuinely care about the boys future or whether it is an act. This is shown when he says I want them to do themselves justice I want them to do you justice. Overall the audience could argue that in this scene, because there are differences between both the headmaster and Mrs Lintott there is a random variable of juxtaposition between them as the headmaster mocks Mrs Lintotts attitude towards education which shows us that he does not care about what the boys achieve as individuals, he cares about what they achieve as a group.This therefore represents how Bennet has shown the Headmaster to criticise the Utilitarian view towards education. The second attitude towards education Bennet presents us with is the Humanism attitude. This is frame of thought that centres on humans and their values, capacities, and worth. Bennet introduces us to the character of Hector. Within the very first page, Hectors impression of education is set, where he refers to his subject as useless knowledge and A waste of time.This immediately suggests to the reader Hectors genera l apathy towards the subject, and, look to mock Houseman goes on to quote, all knowledge is useful whether or not it serves the slightest human use. However, as we learn that Hector is a man of studied eccentricity, and Bennett later goes on to write in the stage directions, an elaborate pantomime, all this it could be assumed that Hectors views of education differ from those he presents within the first scene.It is soon revealed that Hectors idea of education is the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake showing that he is not debate to teaching he instead wishes to, as Timms puts it, make the boys more rounded human beings. This, then, gives context to Hectors referring to General studies as bread eaten in secret his teachings are not to help the boys progressive school careers (forget about Oxford and Cambridge), but to provide the boys with something more personal and lifelong.For instance, when Timms tells Hector that he doesnt understandpoetry, Hector calms him by saying that he, himself, doesnt always understand poetry, but to know it now and understand it whenever, going on to say, Were qualification your deathbeds here, boys. Hectors approach is a clear substitute and antidote to Irwins direct and driven approach. The third and final attitude towards education Bennet presents us with is the Pragmatism attitude. This is basically where things are dealt with realistically rather than theoretically. Irwin first arrives at the school as the boys are about to start studying for their transfix exams to Oxford and Cambridge University.He is immediately give the important job of teaching the boys just because he says he went to Oxford University. This is shown when the Headmaster says to Irwin Well you were at Cambridge and Irwin replies saying Oxford, Jesus. At this point it could be argued that this is Bennetts way of demonstrating how where you learn can sometimes be worth more than what you learn, which supports the Pragmatic view towards education it The History Boys. The first time we see Irwin it is in the future when he is acting as a spin doctor for the Government, he is in a wheelchair which acts as a narrative woo to the end of the play.He is telling the members of government how to act and what their attitude should be like and he is toilsome to convince them to agree with the idea of getting rid of the system of trial by jury. This leads on to Bennet showing us that Irwin has a different style of teaching to hectors, he does not educate the boys, but he teaches them how to write essays and how to pass their exams. This is how Bennett shows that the education system has change so that young people are not being educated as well as they should be, theyre just being taught how to pass and nothing the might find useful later on in life.You can write down, Rudge that I must not write down every word that teacher says. This quotation is said by Irwin and it shows us that Irwin is saying to the boys until they dont write do wn what they have learnt in their own words then they wont understand anything and they wont be able to be independent and do as well when it comes to doing their exams. This clearly shows that Irwins method of educating the boys is clearly different to the other teachers.However other characters such as Hector seem to feel that Irwin is trying to replace his as the boys favourite teacher as they become fonder of Irwin they dont seem to be as fond of Hector as they were in front Irwin arrived. In contradiction to Hector, the Headmaster is fond of Irwin as he seems to think that Irwin will be the best thing for the boys and the schools position on the League Tables. This is shown when the headmaster says Get me scholarships, Irwin, pull us up the table. The boys as a group show a suitably irrelevant attitude towards education.The History BoysThe History Boys is about eight boys of high academic abilities who are preparing to sit the Oxbridge entry exam. They are taught by two homos exual teachers, Hector and Irwin, who have total different teaching strategies.Hector is an older man with strong feelings towards poetry and has no particular teaching program and gropes his students and it seems that the boys dont really enjoy it though at the end it shows that they are quite ok with that.Irwin, a much younger man, is more sensible about teaching. He is the new teacher that has been taken in to teach the students about how to stand out between their competitors with getting into Oxford.There is quite some competition between both the teachers with Hector being older and Irwin being more attractive and being very close in age with the boys.He does, depressingly soHector seems very jealous and depressed at the fact that the new teacher Irwin is clever. This means that there is even more competition for Hector and that if he wants to impress the boys, he needs to work harder. Irwin is obviously younger and even more attractive than Hector which could make things even more complicated for Hector. Hector is clearly gay and gropes his students, but what the students do not know is that Irwin too is gay. Hector obviously has realised that the students dont really mind him groping them as they are not objecting in any way. He could be scared that Irwin would do the same as he does and therefore because of his attractiveness the boys would like Irwin more than they like Hector. The fact that their teaching strategies are so different makes it even more interesting to compare the two together. At one point in the story, both teachers teach the boys at the same time.We dont know who we are, sir. Your class or Mr. Irwins.At Irwins lessons, the boys are more serious, as Irwin has a programme. At Hectors lessons they are more thoughtful and they decide how to start the lessons. So when both teachers are teaching at the same time it gets a little difficult and they boys dont really know how to behave.Mrs. Lintott is not very surprised at the fact that Irwi n is intelligent.Read also History QuizzesThe Catcher in the Rye is a 1951 novel by J. D. Salinger. Originally published for adults, the novel has become a common part of high school and college curricula throughout the English-speaking world7Its quite strange that the book was originally published for adults and now is used widely in schools and colleges.Let each child thats in your care have as much neurosis as the child can bear.This is a section from Audens poem Letter to Lord Byron. He could be meaning that its no harm if you bring up your children in a hard way as it will be good as long as it does not go too far. So really, the books that are not liked by the children and yet are forced upon them wont harm them and it will be useful to them one day.In the next section of the play, Irwin and the boys are talking about the Second World War and the reasons for why it really happened. Irwin starts off and lets the boys come to a conclusion.Which, sir, since Wilfred Owen says men were dying like cattle, is the appropriate word.Hector finds it important that they know poems by heart as it will be understood by them one day, and that is what really happens here. They use their knowledge thats given over by Hector not just in English but in their other lessons meaning that learning these poems by heart really is useful. The poem describes how so many men were dying during the war that they looked like masses of animal.First ClassI am asleep.The fact that he is asleep is because he has read exactly the same story for 8 times and he had rather read something what would be outside peoples comfort zone. Especially when that essay can guarantee you a place in on of the top universities you need to think for yourself and try to stand out within the crowd, your competitors.What has that got to do with anything?Writing an essay on history should not per se be about the truth. History is truth as far as the writers are concerned and is usually written by those that were victorious (in a war for example). History is history for those who want to believe it is history from the victorious perspectives. If you read it from the perspective of the conquered you will hear another story and the other would be blamed.We still dont like to admit the war was even partly our fault because so many of our people died.According to Irwin, the Second world lead to many people dying which is why people are sensitive about it but what they do not know is that there were people that actually enjoyed the war. According to him, and he is referring the poets, most of them seem to have enjoyed the war.13 Because of the war the poets had something to write about, thats where they got their inspiration from. If there was no war, they would not have been able to write such powerful poems without a lot of difficulty. When you have experienced something yourself it is much easier to write about it.Poems are the words of the poet and you can interpret it in any way you like ye t you cannot exactly know what the poet meant with his words.In other wordsAgain, this is something they have learned in Hectors lessons. Irwin thinks the lessons of Hector are more fun than educational but this clearly says that they do learn things in his lesson.At schools teachers spoon-feed their students all the way through. When Rudge asks Irwin What do I write down?15 Irwin responds with I must not write down every word that teacher says.16 Irwin clearly wants them to think for themselves. Hes happy to help them along and tell them what direction they need to go to, but at the end of the day, it has to be them that think it through and they should come to an own conclusion on their own.