Societal Determinants of Health

Societal Determinants of HealthLouise MatthewsDeterminants of HealthTutor Liz FootsoyIntroductionThis essay w sick of(p) be looking at how an individuals health is determined within society. Epidemiologists who study the pattern of disease, do found that not all groups have the same opportunities to achieve right(a) health (Naidoo, 2009).thither be many factors that effect a persons health such as where a person represents, the state of the environment in which they live, employment, income, procreation levels and relationships that person has with their family and friends. Using employment as an example. If a person is in employment they leave receive an income, which can be used to fund food, a home and bills. and so they have shelter, heating and a decent rule of a steady healthy life-time. In comparison if a person is laid-off they would not receive an income to fund food, a home and bills. This would have a detrimental effect on their health, not only physically but besides mentally. Financial worries and stress could easily endeavor mental health problems such as depression and the person would have low levels of egotism. They are also at take a chance of having to live in infract housing which could cause long term respiratory disease (Deaton, 2003).This essay is going to have an in-depth look at how income and education effect the lifestyles of different levels of social class. It will then look how this determines the health of these groups in society. Statistical sources will be used as severalize to show how deathrate rates are effected by high and low levels of income and education in England compared to America. The essay will finally be careworn to a conclusion, using all the information and statistical facts found throughout the writing of this piece of work.An excellent introduction good use of sources.Main Bodyi1In the 1900s the major causes of death were infectious diseases such as Tuberculosis and Influenza but with advance s in science and improvements in medicine, deaths from these sort of diseases have been dramatically reduced. As infectious have been eliminated, other illnesses have replaced them as leading causes of earliest death in Western culture.In modern day the principal(prenominal) causes of death are known as chronic lifestyle related conditions such as chronic heart disease, respiratory disease, obesity, diabetes and certain forms of cancer (Mc Graw Hill, 2014).These kinds of diseases are most common amongst lower socioeconomic groups. It is the lifestyle that this group of society lead that causes these kind of diseases. Things like excessive drinking, smoking low levels of physical activity and high levels of stress, depression and poor diet are all factors that contribute towards ill health (Naidoo, 2009).Cardio vascular disease in England is amongst the highest in the world, being the cause of death in 40% of men and 38% of women (Mayes, 1991).For a person to have good health and well-being they need to have access to angelic fruit and vegi2 daily in order to eat well. Regular physical activity is essential for disease prevention and health promotion. Good fitness reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease. Good fitness also contributes to the mental well-being of an individual, making them feel good about themselves and improving their self-esteem and increasing energy levels. Fewer than 40% of adults meet physical activity guidelines and this generally mitigates with age (Mc Graw Hill, 2014).People in higher social class groups live longer and enjoy better health than disadvantaged groups, for example a man in a professional job is likely to live sevener years longer than a man in an unskilled or manual job. It would seem that if a man was unemployed the life expectancy would decline even further (Naidoo,2009).The major inequality in social class is wealth, income and education. Many economists argue that better meliorate people live lo nger than poorer, little educated people. This is because with good education, comes good knowledge and understanding and stands well educated people in better positions to get higher paid jobs, bringing them good income and wealth. Meaning they can afford better things in life, like good fresh food and housing which in turn should lengthen their life expectancy.A varied, healthy diet is essential in promoting good health. A person needs to eat to survive, food supplies energy for growth and movement, Protein for muscles and dietary fibre for roughage. A low intake of dietary fibre is suggested to be the cause of many diseases such as constipation, bowel cancer, coronary heart disease and varicose veins (Mayes, 1991).LF3The sheath of housing a person lives in also has a massive partake on that persons health. If someone lives in a break in free house, situated in an area of low pollution levels, they should have lesser chance of suffering from respiratory problems than someone w ho does live in offend conditions.A person from a lower class group, that has no choice but to live in damp housing because of income is at risk of ill health. With damp housing comes all sorts of problems for an individuals health. It can cause respiratory problems and infections, allergies and asthma, the environment can also affect the immune system (NHS, 2014). much than one million children in England live in bad housing. Poor housing conditions increase the risk of severe ill health or handicap by up to 25% during childhood and early adulthood. Respiratory problems such as coughing and wheezing, means losing sleep, restricted physical activity and missing school. Therefore growing up in poor housing can have a long term impact on a childs life chances because of the effect it has on their learning and education, lower educational attainment, greater likelihood of unemployment and poverty (Harker, 2006).It is thought that better educated people are more able to understand an d use health information and are better placed to benefit from the healthcare system. The knowledge that the higher class people have learnt prevents them from partaking in risky behaviours like binge drinking and smoking, like the lower socioeconomic, less educated people do.LF4Both education and income promote health in different ways, like stated before good education makes it easier to use new health information and technologies and income makes life easier for the individuals, reducing stress and worry financially. non having to worry about child care costs and being able to go on relaxing family holidays, giving them a better quality of life and better state of mental health. Reducing stress levels is just as important as a healthy diet and exercise regime in reducing the risk of chronic heart disease and certain forms of cancer. Cities with higher average education or higher average income have lower mortality rates (Deaton, 2003).Children born into well educated, high incom e households will also be given the best chance at a bright, healthy future. They will crystalize the importance of education and along with education comes power and the ability to earn a decent income. This is obviously not the case for children born into less educated poorer families. These children arrive at adulthood with poorer health and poorer educational attainment. This has a massive knock on effect to that individuals ability to earn themselves a good income in adulthood. These individuals will also suffer high levels of stress and low levels of self-esteem which will have a negative effect on their mental health and well-being.An excellent discussion well doneConclusionIt is obvious at the end of this report that not everyone is given an equal chance at a healthy life. People do not get chronic diseases because they are unlucky they get these diseases because of the lifestyle in which they lead. These people may not choose to lead these lifestyles it can be because of reasons out of their control why they are in these situations. Lack of education and income can all impact upon their health and lifestyle.A good education is the building block to a healthy life. Education increases a persons chance of employability and ability to consider with many situations, allowing the person not to get overwhelmed with stress which could have a detrimental effect on their mental health.Employment provides income and thus access to health promoting resources such as a variety of fresh fruit and vegetables, good housing and heating. People need to take education more importantly from an early age to increase the whole of societys life expectancies and to close the gap between different social classes.Very clear, decisive conclusion that it is important to consider factors such as a healthy balance between foods, drinks and exercise. Some people who exercise excessively when they are young will often suffer ill health later in life etc.Overall an excellent re port well doneTable of lengthinessMayes, A. (1991) The A-Z of Nutritional Health. London Harper Collins Publishers.Naidoo, J., Wills, J. (2009) Foundations for Health Promotion. (3rd edition) London Bailliere Tindall ELSEVIER.Deaton, A. (2003) Health, Income and Inequality Online Available at http//www.TheNationalBureauofeconmicresearch.com Accessed twelfth May 2014GOV.UK. (no year) Can damp and mould affect my health? Online Available at http//www.nhs.co.uk Accessed 5th May 2014Harker, L. (2006) The impact of bad housing on childrens lives Online Available at http//www.england.shelter.org.uk Accessed 12th May 2014Mc Graw Hill. (no year) Lifestyle for health, fitness and wellness. Online Accessed 5th May 2014Very good range of sources1i1Should be discussion of findingsi2Always write in full i.e., vegetablesLF3Very good points of discussion and very good use of sources.LF4I do agree however this could go the other way too more coin means you can afford to behave more riskily e.g., drug taking alchol.